The storage and transportation of special oil for construction machinery is the key link to ensure its stable quality, involving environmental control, container management, operating specifications and other aspects. Improper storage and transportation may lead to oxidation, contamination, performance degradation of oil products, and even affect the normal operation and service life of construction machinery. The following analyzes the core issues that need attention from the key operating procedures and management points.
The temperature and light control of the storage environment are the primary links. Most special oil for construction machinery are mineral oils or synthetic oils, and their chemical properties are sensitive to temperature. High temperature environment will accelerate the oxidation reaction of oil products, resulting in changes in viscosity, failure of additives, and even the formation of sludge and paint film; while low temperature may reduce the fluidity of oil products, and stratification or solidification may occur. Therefore, the storage place should be selected in a cool and ventilated place to avoid direct sunlight, and the temperature should be controlled within the range of 5℃~35℃. For cold areas in the north, insulation measures should be taken, such as using heating coils or insulation materials; when the temperature is high in summer, ventilation should be strengthened or cooling equipment should be equipped. At the same time, ultraviolet rays in the light will trigger the photo-oxidation reaction of oil products. Storage containers should avoid transparent materials. Metal barrels or dark plastic barrels should be used first, and they should be stored in a light-proof area.
The cleanliness and sealing of storage containers are crucial. Oil products are easily contaminated by external impurities during storage, such as water, dust, metal debris, etc. These pollutants may cause oil products to deteriorate or block the equipment lubrication system. Therefore, new containers need to be thoroughly cleaned before use to remove oil stains, rust and welding slag on the inner wall; reused containers need to be strictly cleaned and dried to avoid residual old oil or other chemicals from contaminating new oil. The sealing of the container directly affects the degree of contact between oil products and air. Poor sealing will cause oil products to absorb moisture in the air (especially in an environment with high humidity) and accelerate the oxidation process. When storing, ensure that the barrel cover is tightened, use special sealants or gaskets to enhance the sealing, and for oil products stored for a long time, nitrogen sealing technology can be used to reduce air contact.
Classification, storage and labeling management of oil products are the key to avoiding confusion and cross-contamination. There are many types of special oil for construction machinery, and oils of different models, viscosity grades and additive formulas cannot be mixed and stored. For example, hydraulic oil, gear oil, engine oil, etc. each have their own specific performance requirements, and mixing may cause chemical reactions, resulting in oil failure. When storing, they should be stored in partitions according to varieties and specifications, and obvious signs should be set up to indicate the name, model, batch, storage date and other information of the oil. At the same time, follow the "first in, first out" principle to avoid long-term backlog of oil products and reduce performance degradation caused by long storage time. For special oils with high additive content, such as anti-wear hydraulic oil, extreme pressure gear oil, etc., they need to be stored separately to prevent component interaction with other oil products.
Anti-vibration, anti-tilt and temperature control during transportation are important links in quality assurance. Special oil for construction machinery is usually transported in barrels or cans. The vibration during vehicle driving may cause the oil to shake violently in the container, accelerate the oxidation reaction, and may also cause the additives to precipitate or stratify. Therefore, shock-absorbing measures need to be taken for transport vehicles, such as using elastic pads or fixtures to reduce container shaking. During transportation, vehicles should avoid violent bumps or sudden braking to prevent containers from being damaged or leaking. In addition, temperature control of tank trucks or transport containers is particularly important. During high temperatures in summer, transportation should be avoided at noon, or a sunshade should be used to reduce the temperature of the tank body; in winter, the oil should be prevented from solidifying, and the tank body can be insulated or appropriately heated (the temperature should be controlled not to exceed the flash point of the oil).
The standardization of loading and unloading operations directly affects the quality and safety of oil products. During loading and unloading, large-area contact between oil and air should be avoided, and closed pipeline transportation or special oil pumps should be used to reduce splashes and bubbles caused by dumping operations. For barreled oil products, special forklifts or handling tools should be used, and loading and unloading should be done lightly. Throwing or rolling is strictly prohibited to prevent the container from deformation and damage. At the same time, attention should be paid to the cleanliness of the loading and unloading environment, and operations should be avoided in dusty or humid places to prevent impurities or moisture from mixing into the oil products. After loading and unloading, the container sealing should be checked in time to ensure that there is no leakage before transportation or storage.
Quality monitoring during storage and transportation is a key means to detect problems in a timely manner. Enterprises should establish a sound oil inspection system and regularly sample and test stored oil products, including key indicators such as viscosity, acid value, moisture, and mechanical impurities. For newly stored oil products, the factory inspection report must be checked and a full inspection must be carried out before storage; oil products that have been stored for more than a certain period (such as 6 months) must be retested and qualified before use. Sensory inspections should also be carried out on oil products before and after transportation to observe whether the color and transparency are abnormal, whether there is precipitation or odor, and if any problems are found, use must be stopped immediately and the cause must be traced.
Emergency management and safety measures are important links that cannot be ignored during storage and transportation. Special oil for construction machinery is mostly flammable liquid, and fire safety regulations must be strictly followed. Storage places should be equipped with sufficient fire-fighting equipment, and open flames and smoking are prohibited. Transport vehicles must meet the requirements for the transportation of dangerous goods and be equipped with anti-static devices and leakage emergency treatment equipment. If an oil leak occurs, it must be immediately adsorbed with sand, oil-absorbing felt, etc. to prevent the leak from flowing into the sewer or soil and causing environmental pollution. At the same time, operators need to wear protective equipment to avoid oil contact with skin or inhalation of volatile gases to ensure personal safety.
In short, the storage and transportation of special oil for construction machinery needs to be controlled from multiple dimensions such as environment, container, operation, monitoring, and safety, and the quality of oil products should be ensured to be stable through refined management and technical means. This is not only the basis for ensuring the efficient operation of construction machinery, but also an important measure for enterprises to reduce costs and improve equipment reliability. With the development of environmental protection requirements and equipment technology, it is necessary to further explore intelligent storage management and green transportation methods in the future to promote the industry to develop in a safer and more efficient direction.
